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One of the confines in the field of eating behaviors is the lack of methods and applications to investigate avenues for the promotion of health. This series aimed to highlight the latest experimental techniques and methods used to...
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One of the confines in the field of eating behaviors is the lack of methods and applications to investigate avenues for the promotion of health. This series aimed to highlight the latest experimental techniques and methods used to investigate fundamental questions in Eating Behavior. This Topic considered technologies, interventions, practices, and up-to-date methods which will help advance scientific inquiry in the field.
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This article describes the development of the Eating Maturity Questionnaire, a self-reported measurement of eating maturity that initiates and gives direction to human eating behaviors. The Eating Maturity Questionnaire was design...
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This article describes the development of the Eating Maturity Questionnaire, a self-reported measurement of eating maturity that initiates and gives direction to human eating behaviors. The Eating Maturity Questionnaire was designed to study individuals' biological and psychosocial motives for eating. The Eating Maturity Questionnaire is a 21-item tool with satisfactory psychometric values (Cronbach's coefficients between 0.83 and 0.88) consisting of two subscales: Rational Eating and Psychosocial Maturity. Eating Maturity Questionnaire results may be used to design programs that target eating behaviors and body mass modification.
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Purpose. The purpose of this research is to test the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Addiction-like Eating Behaviors Scale (AEBS) in an Italian sample of adults with severe obesity seeking treatment for weig...
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Purpose. The purpose of this research is to test the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Addiction-like Eating Behaviors Scale (AEBS) in an Italian sample of adults with severe obesity seeking treatment for weight reduction and the general population, and to examine the measurement invariance of the tool by comparing a clinical and a nonclinical sample. Methods. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was initially conducted to test the factorial structure of the Italian version of the AEBS (AEBS-IT) on a total of 953 participants. Following this, the measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the tool AEBS-IT were assessed on both inpatients with severe obesity (n = 502) and individuals from the general population (n = 451). Reliability and convergent validity analysis were also run. Results. CFA revealed a bi-factor structure for the AEBS-IT, which also showed good reliability and positive correlations with food addiction (through the mYFAS2.0 symptom count), binge-eating symptoms, compulsive eating behavior, and dysfunctional eating patterns and the individuals' body mass index (BMI). Moreover, the tool was invariant across populations. Conclusion. This study provided evidence that the AEBS-IT is a valid and reliable measure of FA in both clinical and nonclinical samples.
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While eating in response to emotional cues is associated with intake of unhealthy foods, less is known about the extent to which obesity and depression may differentially influence food intake in a buffet-style setting where low- ...
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While eating in response to emotional cues is associated with intake of unhealthy foods, less is known about the extent to which obesity and depression may differentially influence food intake in a buffet-style setting where low- and high-calorie foods are available to choose from. Using a counterbalanced design, 154 participants were grouped by depression and obesity categories, then asked to read a series of vignettes that were sad (on 1 day) and neutral (on a different day), followed by a buffet to eat until full. Food intake (in grams and calories) and food choice (number of high- or low-calorie food options) were recorded. Results showed that participants who were obese and depressed had significantly greater energy intake following the sad versus happy vignette, largely due to increased intake of high-calorie foods. The results corroborate recent theories on emotional eating and extend the ecological validity of such effects in a buffet-style setting.
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We assessed the individual constructs that comprise "picky eaters" and determined the relationship of each construct to parental perception of their child's weight status, parental pressure-to-eat, and the child's body mass index ...
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We assessed the individual constructs that comprise "picky eaters" and determined the relationship of each construct to parental perception of their child's weight status, parental pressure-to-eat, and the child's body mass index z-score (BMIz). We developed a questionnaire including 7 commonly used measures of picky eating, which was completed by parents of 2-8 year-olds in pediatric clinics. We performed exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and model fit. Regression models assessed the association of each picky eating factor to weight perception, pressure-to-eat, and BMIz. We identified three distinct picky eating factors: trying new foods, eating sufficient quantity, and desire for specific food preparation. Each factor had Cronbach's alpha > 0.7 and acceptable model fit. No factors were associated with weight perception. Parents who were more concerned their child did not eat enough were more likely to pressure-to-eat, and these children had lower BMIz. These components of picky eating should be addressed by primary care providers.
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Purpose We evaluated the longitudinal associations between eating behaviors (EB) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We obtained complete data on EB, assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and MetS comp...
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Purpose We evaluated the longitudinal associations between eating behaviors (EB) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We obtained complete data on EB, assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and MetS components at baseline and follow-up. Participants included 1876 individuals (704 men, 1172 women; mean age, 45.0 +/- 12.8 years) from those participating in the Korean Healthy Twin study. A generalized estimating equation model was applied, with sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, follow-up interval, and EB (baseline and changes over time) as independent factors. Results MetS at baseline was 21.5%, while incident MetS and persistent MetS were 12.0% and 66.6%, respectively, at the 3.13 +/- 1.38 years follow-up period. In men, baseline restrained EB had positive associations with concurrent MetS (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1 point increase in the score, 1.55 [1.33-1.81]) and persistent MetS (1.53 [1.16-2.01]); baseline external EB and change in external EB had positive associations with persistent MetS (1.56 [1.04-2.33], 1.37 [1.01-2.22], respectively). In women, baseline restrained EB had a positive association with concurrent MetS (1.14 [1.01-1.30]); baseline external EB had an inverse association with persistent MetS (0.71[0.52-0.98]); baseline emotional EB had positive associations with concurrent, incident, and persistent MetS (1.23 [1.01-1.50], 2.14 [1.50-3.06], and 1.92 [1.40-2.64], respectively); and change in emotional EB had positive associations with incident and persistent MetS (1.50 [1.05-2.15], 1.62 [1.14-2.29], respectively). Conclusion Higher restrained and external EB, and an increase in external EB in men; and higher restrained and emotional EB, and an increase in emotional EB in women may be associated with increased risk of concurrent, incident, or persistent MetS.
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Emotional eating is defined as an increase in eating following negative emotion. Self-reported emotional eating has been associated with physical-health concerns. However, experimental studies indicate that negative-mood induction...
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Emotional eating is defined as an increase in eating following negative emotion. Self-reported emotional eating has been associated with physical-health concerns. However, experimental studies indicate that negative-mood inductions do not reliably lead to increased eating in healthy eaters, not even among those with a high desire to eat when emotional. We argue that experimental studies will help us understand emotional eating only if they account for the following ideas: (a) Emotional eating may require that people learn to associate emotion with eating, (b) emotional eating may follow only specific discrete emotions, and (c) emotional eating may depend on social context. Each of these points suggests a fruitful direction for future research. Specifically, future studies must acknowledge, identify, and account for variations in the extent to which people have learned to associate emotions with eating; assess or elicit strong discrete emotions; and systematically examine the effect of social context on emotional eating.
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Despite the well-documented link between eating disorders (EDs) and female infertility, it is unknown how EDs or disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) influence overall parity in early adulthood. Using longitudinal data, we examine w...
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Despite the well-documented link between eating disorders (EDs) and female infertility, it is unknown how EDs or disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) influence overall parity in early adulthood. Using longitudinal data, we examine whether EDs or DEBs during adolescence are linked to the number of children born to young women in early adulthood. We find that EDs or DEBs are associated with increased odds of having three or more children compared to no children in adulthood, even when we account for delinquency and sexual behaviors.
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Most health decision-making models posit that deciding to engage in a health behavior involves forming a behavioral intention which then leads to actual behavior. However, behavioral intentions and actual behavior may not be funct...
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Most health decision-making models posit that deciding to engage in a health behavior involves forming a behavioral intention which then leads to actual behavior. However, behavioral intentions and actual behavior may not be functionally equivalent. Two studies examined whether decision-making factors predicting dietary behaviors were the same as or distinct from those predicting intentions. Actual dietary behavior was proximally predicted by affective associations with the behavior. By contrast, behavioral intentions were predicted by cognitive beliefs about behaviors, with no contribution of affective associations. This dissociation has implications for understanding individual regulation of health behaviors and for behavior change interventions.
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Physical activity and diet are two predominant determinants of population health status that may influence each other. Physical activity has been identified as a behavior that may lead to a healthier diet and regulates eating beha...
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Physical activity and diet are two predominant determinants of population health status that may influence each other. Physical activity has been identified as a behavior that may lead to a healthier diet and regulates eating behaviors. This research aimed to investigate how the level of physical activity is associated with the motivation related to eating behaviors and, consequently, the eating style individuals have on a daily basis. This was a cross-sectional study in which participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed the following variables: the level of physical activity, the motivation toward eating behavior, and the type of eating behavior. In total, 440 individuals (180 men and 260 women) who regularly exercised in gyms and fitness centers aged between 19 and 64 years (M = 33.84; SD = 10.09) took part in the study. The data were collected following the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Polytechnic of Leiria. For the statistical analysis, mean and standard deviations were first calculated, as well as bivariate correlations between all the variables of interest. Then, structural equation model analyses were performed considering the levels of physical activity as the independent variable, motivations toward eating behavior as the mediators, and eating styles as the dependent variables. It was concluded that a greater level of physical activity leads to a more self-determined type of eating regulation, which in turn results in less constricted eating behaviors that are influenced by external factors and emotional factors.
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